Advanced level 2025 North West regional mock Chemistry 2

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SECTION A: PHYSICAL AND GENERAL C

1. (a) Define the following terms as applied to the atom (i) A molecule (2 marks)

(b) How many protons and neutrons are contained in27Co. 59  

(1 mark)

(c) Considering an atom, when is an electron said to be

(i) In the ground state (2 marks)

(d) Complete the table below by giving the shapes and bond angles of the species give

Species SO42−​ NH2−​

Shape and angle

(e) (i) Explain the terms acid and conjugate base as used in the Br -Lowry theory of acids and base Acids: Conjugate base: (2 marks)

(f) Define the terms below and illustrate using suitable equations. (i) Standard enthalpy of atomization:  

(ii) Standard lattice energy: (3 marks)

(g) (i) Define the term ‘average rate’ of a reaction. (4 marks)  

(ii) During the hydrolysis of an ester, the concentration of the ester decreases from 1.00 mol/dm3 to 0.030 mol/dm3 in 1 hour. What is the average rate of the reaction over this time interval?