cameroon gce A level June 2024 philosophy 3
cameroon gce A level June 2024 philosophy 3
SECTION ONE: LOGIC
Rend the passage below and answer the questions that follow:
Colonization is the worst experience Africa has ever had. If Africa is not developed today then cither
Africa is the cause or the Colonial masters are guilty. Some African countries today are underdeveloped entities
given that some African countries:arc victims. Either natives fought and died or they allowed their resources to
be exploited. .1 here is no doubt that some Europeans are racists; and if some are, it only proves that all of them
could be racist. Thus, the future of Africa lies in her hands. While some analysts blame the west for all the
problems Africa faces, others think that the African problem of the past just like today is that Africans don’t read
and thus are nots
.
aware ,of.their rights and the need to fight for human equality. The future lies then in the hands
of the youths, though some youths are not serious citizens
Questions
(a) From the passage:
( i) Identify a categorical proposition with both terms undistributed.
(ii) Given a ( i) above as true, what can be inferred of the contradictory of its subaltern?
( iii ) Contradict the obverse a ( i) above
( b) ( i) Identify an enthymematic argument from the passage and state the Order
(ii) Supply the missing proposition of b(i) and state the form of the syllogism
(2 marks)
c) ( i) Identify a disjunctive proposition from the passage.
(ii) Using c(i), construct a Modus Ponendo Tollens argument.
(iii ) Why is c(ii) considered an invalid form of the disjunctive syllogism?
(d ) ( i) Identify a suitable proposition from the passage and use it to construct a simple destructive dilemma. (3 marks)
(ii) Evade the dilemma above by escaping between the horns.
(e) Identify a fallacy from the passage and state how it is committed
(3 marks)
(2 marks)
. (a) State the logical relations in the following inferences and determine whether they are valid or illicit:
( i) No abnormal persons are wise persons, so some unwise persons are not normal persons
(ii) Given that some non-men are non-women, it follows that some non-men are not non-women (2 x 2 marks)
(b) Using ‘students’ as minor term, ‘learners’ as middle term and ‘ scholars’ as major term:
( i) Construct an argument that commits the fallacy of undistributed middle with an O-proposition as its minor
premise
(ii ) Construct a second order enthymeme from b ( i) above.
(c) State the fallacies committed in arguments below:
( i ) Aristotle’s Traditional Logic is unquestionable because he was the greatest ancient Greek logician.
(ii) “I noticed that you are the labour prefect of the school. I will expect you to tell students to wash my car
if you want to secure a good pass in my exams”.
(iii) The superb quality of her character can be demonstrated by the fact that I have never heard a word
spoken against her.
(2 x 3 marks)
(3 x 3 marks)
