higher national diploma 2018 nursing specialty
higher national diploma 2018 nursing specialty
| SPECIALITY/OPTION: NU 3 PAPER: BASIC SCIENCES HND EXAMS |
COEFFICENT: |
| DURATION: 3 HOURS |
SET I
PART A: ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY (30 MARKS)
SECTION A: MCQs (20 MARKS)
1. Which of the following statements could be applied to “external respiration”? A. Exchange of
gases between alveolar air and the blood in pulmonary capillaries. B. Exchange of
dissolved gases between blood in tissue capillaries and the body tissues. C. The production
of CO2 from organic molecules in the cells by using O2. D. The inhalation of atmospheric air
into the lungs followed by exhalation.
2. Which anatomical structures does the “conducting zone” of the lower respiratory tract
contain? A. Eustachian tube, larynx and trachea. B. Primary, secondary and tertiary bronchi
and bronchioles. C. Nares, conchae, olfactory mucosa and sinuses. D. Nasopharynx and
larynx.
3. What is the function of the cilia on the cells that line the bronchial tree? A. They help mix the
inhaled fresh air with the residual air contained in the bronchial tree. B. They slow the
movement of air to allow for efficient exchange of gases. C. They move the mucus on the cell
surface up out of the bronchial tree. D. They filter particles from inhaled air.
4. One of the following statements is correct. Which one? A. The visceral pleura is attached to
the chest wall and the parietal pleura is attached to the lung. B. The t w o lungs and their
associated structures are known as the pneumothorax. C. The hilum is a serous
membrane that surrounds each lung separately. D. A negative pressure is maintained between
the two lung pleura.
5. What term is applied to the volume of air that moves into the lungs while breathing at rest?
A. anatomical dead space B. Inspiratory reserve capacity C. Tidal volume D. residual volume
6. Severing the nerves that innervate the breathing muscles may lead rapidly to death. Will a
spinal cord break between the level of cervical vertebrae 6 and 7 leave the victim able to
breathe? Choose the answer with the correct reason. A. No. The breathing muscles are
innervated by spinal nerves that leave the spinal cord at the level of each thoracic vertebra. B.
Yes. The diaphragm will work as it is innervated by nerves arising from C3 to C5. C. No. The
breathing muscles are innervated by autonomic impulses from the respiratory centre which is
