Advanced level 2026 south west mock geology 2

1. a) Write short notes on the following;

i) Geologic Time Scale (3marks)

ii) Stratigraphic Column (3marks)

b) i) Describe briefly how the radiometric dating works. (6marks)

ii) Briefly explain the usefulness of fossils as environmental indicators. (5marks)

c) Describe Sandstone and Shale based on;

i) Composition. (4marks)

ii) Environment of formation. (4marks)

(Total=25marks)

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2. a) Define the term ‘aquifer’. (2marks)

   b) Describe the different types of aquifers. (8marks)

   c) What geological considerations should be made for selecting a site for dam construction? (6marks)

d) i) What measures would you use to ensure the stability of slopes in your Village? (5marks)

ii) Explain briefly how differential stress and lithostatic pressure bring about Metamorphism. (4marks)

(Total=25marks)

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3. a) Define the following forms in Crystallography:

i) Octahedron (3marks)

ii) Pyramid (3marks)

b) How would you recognize Quartz on the field? (4marks)

c) Outline the classification of nesosilicate, phyllosilicate and tectosilicate silicate groups of minerals based on their structure and chemical composition. Give examples of each. (9marks)

d) Discuss the economic importance of minerals to Cameroon. In your answer, refer to metallic, non-metallic, and energy minerals. (6marks)

(Total=25marks)

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4. a) What do you understand by the following terms;

i) Vulcanicity (2marks)

ii) Earthquakes (2marks)

b) Describe the following processes in the formation of igneous rocks;

i) Assimilation (5marks)

ii) Hybridization. (5marks)

c) i) How can you recognize folds on a geological map? (6marks)

ii) Outline the importance of faults. (5marks)

(Total=25marks)

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5. a) Draw a bivalve shell with an isomyarian muscle scar and label the following parts; lateral socket and teeth, pallial sinus, posterior and anterior muscle scar, hinge plate. (5marks)

   b) Outline the evolutionary changes that occurred in Micraster. (10marks)

   c) Explain how fossilization occurs by mummification and carbonization. (4marks)

   d) Why are sedimentary rocks suitable for fossilization? (6marks)

   (Total=25marks)

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6. a) i. Explain maturity of sediments in terms of texture and composition. (5marks)

ii. Relate the maturity of sediments to the various stages of the river profile. (9marks)

b) Define the Rock Cycle. (3 marks)

c) By use of the Rock Cycle, explain how sediments are transformed to igneous rock. (8marks)

(Total=25marks)

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