An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. Elements are divided into metals and non-metals.
Metals
Metals form ions by losing electrons. Examples include sodium, potassium, calcium, copper and aluminium.
- Solid at room temperature.
- React readily with water.
- Have high melting and boiling points.
- Tarnish readily in air.
- Good conductors of heat and electricity.
- Ductile (can be drawn into wire) and malleable (can be hammered into sheets).
Non-Metals
Non-metals form ions by gaining electrons. Examples include carbon, nitrogen, chlorine and fluorine.
- Usually liquid or gas at room temperature.
- Poor conductors of heat and electricity.
- Have low melting and boiling points.
- Do not tarnish readily in air.
