Importance of housing
A house provides shelter, privacy, security, storage, and a place for rest and family life. A healthy house should be safe, clean, well ventilated, adequately lit, and protected from pests.
Choosing a building site
- Choose firm, well-drained ground away from flood-prone areas.
- Ensure access to safe water, roads, sanitation, and electricity where available.
- Consider sunlight, prevailing winds, security, and proximity to services.
- Avoid sites exposed to dangerous pollution, erosion, or unstable slopes.
Ventilation, lighting, and heating
Ventilation replaces stale air with fresh air and removes heat, moisture, smoke, and unpleasant smells. Windows and vents should be placed to encourage cross-ventilation. Natural or artificial lighting should allow safe work without excessive glare. Heating appliances must be used safely and away from flammable materials.
Household protection
Waterlogged areas require effective foundations and drainage. To reduce rat infestation, store food in covered containers, keep surroundings clean, close openings, and dispose of refuse properly. A modern kitchen should have cleanable surfaces, adequate water, ventilation, lighting, safe storage, and a hygienic waste-disposal system.
Revision questions
- State four functions of a house.
- Give four points to consider when choosing a building site.
- Explain the importance of ventilation.
- State three ways of making a house rat-resistant.
