Using Relative Cell Referencing
- Sum:
=SUM(A1:A5)adds up the values in cells A1 through A5. - Average:
=AVERAGE(A1:A5)calculates the average of the values in the range. - Product:
=PRODUCT(A1:A5)multiplies the values in the range. - Count:
=COUNT(A1:A5)counts the cells in the range that contain numbers.
Using Absolute Cell Referencing
The same functions can use absolute references so they remain fixed when copied to another cell: =SUM($A$1:$A$5), =AVERAGE($A$1:$A$5), =PRODUCT($A$1:$A$5), =COUNT($A$1:$A$5).
Using Mixed Cell Referencing
With mixed referencing, only part of the reference is fixed: =SUM($A1:A5), =AVERAGE($A1:A5), =PRODUCT($A1:A5), =COUNT($A1:A5) — here column A is absolute, but the row numbers are relative.
