Migration is the movement of people from one place to another for temporary or permanent settlement. Cameroon’s present population reflects many ancient and recent migrations.
Major Migrating Groups
Groups such as the Tikar, Nso and Bassa moved and settled in different parts of Cameroon during the nineteenth century and earlier periods.
Causes of Migration
- Search for fertile land, water and pasture.
- Wars, insecurity and pressure from stronger neighbours.
- Population growth and the search for trade opportunities.
- Political ambitions and the desire to establish new settlements.
Effects of Migration
- Formation of new kingdoms, fondoms and villages.
- Cultural exchange and the spread of languages and customs.
- Competition over land and resources, sometimes causing conflict.
- Development of trade routes and new political alliances.
Examples
The Nso founded a powerful fondom after migration from the upper Mbam area, while Bassa communities occupied and organized areas of the forest and coastal regions.
