A citizen is a person who legally belongs to a country and is entitled to its protection. Citizenship education helps learners understand the values, rights, duties and responsibilities that guide life in society.
Rights and duties
A right is a benefit or freedom that a citizen is entitled to enjoy. A duty is an obligation that a citizen is expected to perform for the country and the community.
Rights of a citizen
Common rights of citizens include:
- the right to life and personal security;
- the right to move freely and settle in any part of the country;
- the right to education;
- the right to work;
- the right to own property;
- the right to freedom of religion and worship;
- the right to communicate and express opinions responsibly; and
- the right to vote and take part in public affairs, where the law allows.
Rights should be enjoyed with respect for the rights and safety of other people. A citizen must not use freedom of speech, movement or property to harm others.
Duties of a citizen
The main duties of a citizen include:
- obeying the laws of the country;
- paying lawful taxes and other public contributions;
- working honestly and avoiding idleness;
- defending the country when called upon to do so;
- protecting the natural environment;
- respecting public institutions and other citizens; and
- participating in useful community activities.
Types of citizens
Active citizens participate in constructive activities, perform their civic responsibilities and help to improve their community. Examples include taking part in community work, protecting public property and reporting dangers through proper channels.
Passive citizens show little interest in the problems of their community. They may enjoy the benefits of citizenship but avoid participating in activities that support the common good.
Bad citizens deliberately act against the progress and safety of the community. Crime, corruption, destruction of public property and deliberate violation of the law are examples of behaviour associated with bad citizenship.
Summary
Citizens enjoy rights, but rights go together with duties. Responsible citizens obey the law, respect other people, protect the environment and contribute positively to their family, school and community.
