The peopling of Cameroon refers to the movement and settlement of ethnic groups in the territory before colonial rule. Archaeology, oral traditions and linguistic evidence help reconstruct this history.
The Sao Civilization
The Sao were among the earliest known civilizations in the Lake Chad region. Their history is known mainly through archaeology, oral traditions and material remains.
Organization
- The Sao lived in organized communities under leaders and developed farming, fishing, hunting and craft production.
- They produced pottery, metal objects and other artistic works.
- Trade and interaction connected them with neighbouring communities.
Achievements
Sao remains show skill in pottery, sculpture, iron-working, settlement organization and defence.
Decline
The Sao declined because of attacks, environmental changes, internal weaknesses and pressure from expanding neighbouring groups.
