Ancient Chinese civilization developed in the river valleys of East Asia and produced durable political, scientific, technological and cultural traditions.
Organization
Chinese society was organized under emperors and dynasties. Officials administered the empire, farmers produced food, artisans made goods, merchants traded and soldiers defended the state.
Economic and Social Life
Agriculture, irrigation, silk production, metalwork and internal trade supported the civilization. Families and respect for ancestors were important social institutions.
Contributions
- Paper, printing, the compass and gunpowder.
- Silk production, porcelain and advanced engineering.
- Medicine, astronomy, mathematics and historical records.
- Administrative traditions and philosophical teachings.
Decline
Dynastic struggles, invasions, corruption, heavy taxation and social unrest contributed to periods of decline and political fragmentation.
