What an algorithm is, the characteristics of a good algorithm, and the three main ways to represent one: structured English, flow charts and pseudocode.

How variables and constants are declared in pseudocode, the basic input/output/assignment instructions, and the three algorithmic control structures: sequence, selection and repetition.

The difference between low-level and high-level programming languages, how assemblers, compilers and interpreters translate code, and the types of programming errors.

Why C is used, the software needed to write and run a C program, and how to declare variables and read/write input and output with scanf and printf.

The arithmetic, relational and logical operators used in C, how to write IF/ELSE conditional statements, and the three main loop types: FOR, WHILE and DO…WHILE.

What HTML is, the structure of a basic HTML document, and the difference between an HTML tag, an element and an attribute.

How HTML attributes add information to a tag, the syntax for links, images, tables and lists, and the four core attributes: id, title, class and style.

The five components of a communication system, the difference between simplex, half-duplex and full-duplex channels, and digital vs analogue, synchronous vs asynchronous, and serial vs parallel transmission.

Wired and wireless communication media and devices, the four types of network attacks, the difference between private and public networks, and the most common TCP/IP protocols.

The professional codes of ethics that guide IT specialists, drawn from the British Computing Society, the Association for Computing Machinery, and the IEEE.