types of categorical propositions

TYPES OF CATEGORICAL PROPOSITIONS

TYPES OF CATEGORICAL PROPOSITIONS

  1. Universal affirmative (A): it affirms class inclusion, totally by asserting that all the members of the subject class (S)are also members of the predicate class(P)it is expressed in the form all S are P e.g. all Africans are black
  2. Universal negative (E): it denies class inclusion totally by asserting that all the member of the subject class (S) is totally excluded from the predicate class (p). It is expressed in the form No S are P. e.g. No human being are mortal being
  • Particular affirmative (I): it affirms class inclusion partially by asserting that some members of the subject class (S) are also members of the predicate class (P). It is expressed in the form Some S are P. e.g. Some men are strict.
  1. Particular negative (O): it denies class inclusion partially by asserting that some members of the subject class (S) are not members of the predicate class (P). It is expressed in the form Some S are not P. E.g. some whites are not Africans.

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