European powers used different administrative policies to control African territories, but all colonial systems ultimately subordinated African political authority. Direct […]

The Maji-Maji revolt and Abyssinian resistance show different forms of African opposition to European colonial expansion. Maji-Maji Revolt It began […]

African responses to European penetration included armed resistance, diplomatic negotiation, migration, non-cooperation and collaboration. Reasons for Resistance Defence of political […]

After establishing coastal footholds, European powers moved into the interior to secure territories, resources and strategic routes. Reasons for Expansion […]

The partition of Africa was the division of the continent among Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Spain and Portugal during […]

European powers held conferences to regulate their competition in Africa, although African peoples were excluded from decisions about their own […]

European colonial rivalry arose because several powers sought strategic locations, resources, markets and international prestige in Africa. Moroccan Rivalry France […]

The First World War lasted from 1914 to 1918 and involved the major European powers and their colonies. Major Causes […]

The First World War reached Cameroon because the territory was a German colony surrounded by British and French possessions. The […]

Cameroonian responses to German expansion were varied. Some communities resisted through war, protest and refusal, while others collaborated for security, […]